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0017 - Page 1 - Chapter I. Time. Its graphic record; time-measurement by means of photography
Fig. 1. Scale of hours. Time measurement
Fig. 2. Arrangement designed for transmitting a mouvement to the needle, which records the duration and the phases
Fig. 3. Shoe for indicating when a man's foot comes in contact with the ground
Fig. 4. Pedestrian furnished with special shoes and carrying a chronographic apparatus
Fig. 5. Chronographic record of the periods of contact of the feet of a man executing various paces / Fig. 6. special apparatus for recording the contacts of a horse's feet with the ground
Fig. 8. Three records of the paces of a horse : amble, walk, and trot
Fig. 10. Record of two airs played on the keyboard of a harmonium
Fig. 11. Needle spinning round the chronometric dial, and measuring the duration of exposure
Fig. 12. Successive positions of the needle on the chronometric dial, measuring the intervals of time separating the successive exposures
0034 - Page 18 - Chapter II. Space. Its measurement and reprsentation by photography
Fig. 13. Trajectory of the tip of a crow's wing
Fig. 14. Stereoscopic trajectory of a brillant point placed at the level of the lumbar vertebrae of a man walking away from the photographic camera
Fig. 15. Cylinder engendered by the displacement of a white thread moving round a central axis / Fig. 16 Hyberboloid by revolution: a single web engendered by the revolution of a thred set obliquely to the axis
Fig. 17. Hyperboloid by revolution with its asymptotic cone/ Fig. 18. Conoid engendered by the movement of a white thread/ Fig. 19. Sphere engendered by the rotation of a semi-annular white thread
Fig. 20. Sphere engendered by the rotation of a semi-annular thread/ Fig. 21. Hyperboloid and its asymptotic cone
Fig. 22. Sphere engendered by the rotation of a semi-annular band, white on the outer surface and black on the inner side
Fig. 23. Sphere engendered by a semi-annular band, white on both surfaces
Fig. 24. Paradoxical appearance of a sphere engendered by the rotation of a brilliant metallic thread
0049 - Page 33 - Chapter III. Movement. Its measurement, graphic representation, and analysis by means of chronophotography
Fig. 25. Graphic representation of a uniform movement
Fig. 26. Chart to express the movements of trains along a railway
Fig. 27. Successives sections of the curve of a movement
Fig. 28. Enlarged tracings of the pulse in different diseases
Fig. 29. Proportional reduction of a movement by means of an india rubber thread
Fig. 30. Pedestrian pushing an odograph in front of him
Fig. 32. The instrument is seen obliquely from behind
Fig. 33. Two odographic charts expressing, according to different scales, the advance of a fast train
Fig; 34. Photography of the movement of a falling body
Fig. 35. Curves of the movement of a failling body
0070 - Page 54 - Chapter IV. Chronophotography on fixed plates
Fig. 36. Simple trajectory and chronophotographic trajectory of a bright ball moving in front of a dark background
Fig. 37. A man walking. Chronophotography on a fixed plate
Fig. 38. Arab horse at a gallop/ Fig. 39. A man running. Chronophotography on a fixed plate
Fig. 40. A boxer represented in the two extreme positions of a movement
Fig; 41. Man dressed in black, with white lines and points for the chronophotographic study of the movement of the important parts of the body
Fig. 42. Images of runner reduced to a system of bright lines for representing the position of this limbs
Fig. 43. Alternating images for multiplying the number of positions afforded by chronophotography
Fig. 44. Rotating mirror for separating the images of an object which moves too slowly
0083 - Page 67 - Chapter V. Description of the apparatus
Fig. 45. Arrangement of an apparatus adapted for all the purposes of chronophotography
Fig. 46. Objective mounted in a sliding box/ Fig. 47. Frame with ground glass for focussing in chronophotography on fixed plated
Fig. 49. Arrangement of the dark background at the Physiological Station
Fig. 50. Dark background for the study of movements occurring in liquids
Fig. 51. Arrangement of the experiment for studying movements in liquids
Fig. 52. Arrangement employed by Messrs. Demeny and Quénu for studying abnormalities in walking
Fig. 53. Extent of the movements of the legs obtained by Messrs. Demeny and Quénu in a dark room
Fig. 54. Changes which occur in the perspective of a moving animal according to the distance off at which the photographic apparatus is placed
0100 - Page 84 - Chapter VI. Applications of chronophotography to mechanics
Fig. 55. The successive positions of a projectile in respect to two axes, one vertical, the other horizontal/ Fig. 56. Stick thrown horizontally with a rotatory movement in a vertical plane
Fig. 57. Movement of a system of two balls bound together by a string/ Fig. 58. Trajectory of a projectile in respect to two axes
Fig. 59. Chronophotographic trajectory of a flying apparatus describing asinuous curve in the air
Fig. 60. Chopping waves of very short period/ Fig. 61. Advancing wave
Fig. 62. Molecular movements within a simple chopping wave/ Fig. 63. Molecular movements within a series of chopping waves of short period
Fig. 64. Changes in velocity and in direction which occur in the liquid molecules of a current which meets an inclined plane/ Fig. 65. effects produced on a current by the immersion of a solid rectangular box
Fig. 66. A current meeting a pisciform body at its thick end/ Fig. 67. A current meeting a pisciform body at its small end
Fig. 68. Fluid wave surmounting an obstacle
Fig. 70. Vibrations of an elastic and wooden rod
0119 - Page 103 - Chapter VII. Chronophotography on moving plates. Principes and history of the method
Fig. 71. Facsimile of the print of a photographic plate obtained with the astronomical revolver of the transit of the planet Venus across the sun, Dec. 8, 1874
Fig. 72. Field of operations arranged by Mr. Muybridge
Fig. 73. Six successive photographs of a horse at a walking pace
Fig. 75. External appearance of the photographic gun
Fig. 76. Details of the interior of the photographic gun
Fig. 77. Special box holding the photographic plates
Fig. 78. Photograph of a gull during flight
Fig. 79. Enlargement of one of the photographs obtained with the photographic gun
Fig. 80. Internal structure of the photographic chamber
Fig. 81. Admission shutter which is substituted for the dark slide when working with a roll of film/ Fig. 82. Two metal bobbins for carrying the sensitized film
Fig. 83. Showing how the film is lengthened at its two extremities by the opaque bands of paper
Fig. 85. Two successive photographs taken on a sensitized film
Fig. 87. Series of photographs to show the successive phases of the movement of a wave
0142 - Page 126 - Chapter VIII. Human movements from the point of view of kinetics
Fig. 88. Arrangement of the odograph and of the track at the physiological station
Fig. 89. Chart of the fixed odograph to show paces of different velocity
Fig. 90. Curves to show the rate and length of the stride
Fig. 91. The trajectory of the pubis of a man at a walking pace
Fig. 92. Successive phases of a long-jump
Fig. 93. Successive phases of a pole-jump
Fig. 94. Incomplete photographs, namely, bright lines on dark-coloured clothing, are received on the fixed plate
Fig. 96. Jump from a height with flexion of the legs to break the fall
Fig. 97. Jump from a height with stiffened legs
Fig. 98. Oscillations of the leg in running
0162 - Page 146 - Chapter IX. Certain movements in man from the point of view of dynamics
Fig. 100. Dynamographic platform for giving a curve of foot-pressure on the ground
Fig. 101. Method of simultaneously recording the foot-pressure on the ground and the changes in elevation of the body during a jump
Fig. 102. Superior curves: changes of height in the head during the jump. Inferior curves: pressure exercised by the feet on the ground
Fig. 103. Geometrical chronograph of yhe movements of the leg in wlking, during the period that the foot is in contact with the ground/ Fig. 104. Dynamographic tracing to express the phases of pressure by the foot on the ground in walking
Fig. 105. Geometrical chronophotograph of the movements executed in taking a high-jump
Fig. 106. Geometrical chronophotograph of a man's movements when walking
Fig. 107. Vertical oscillations of the head when walking
Fig. 108. Variations in the vertical oscillations of the body in walking and in running
Fig. 109. Curves of the different elements of the work performed in walking and running
0185 - Page 169 - Chapter X. Locomotion is man from an artistic point of view
Fig. 110. Ocydromes or swift-runners (from a Greek vase)
Fig. 111. Instantaneous photograph of a runner
Fig. 112. A man walking; successive positions afforded by chronophotography on fixed plates
Fig. 113. Chronophotographic illustration of a runner
Fig. 114. Flexion of an arm/ Fig. 115. Extension of an arm/ Fig. 116. Alternating movements of flexion and extension/ Fig. 117. Single movement of forcible extension
Fig. 118. Chronophotograph of a runner taken from above
Fig. 119. Statuette made from chronophotographs
Statuette faite d'après des épreuve chronophotographiques
Fig. 121. Successive attitudes of a Greek dance, the influence of the movement on the fall of the draperies
Fig. 122. Imitation of the attitudes of a Greek dance, and of the fall of the drapery
0202 - Page 186 - Chapter XI. Locomotion of quadrupeds
Fig. 123. Synoptic chart of a horse's paces according to different authorities
Fig. 124. Transition from walking to trotting/ Fig. 125. Transition from trotting to walking/ Fig. 126. Transition from trotting to gallop (three time)
Fig. 127. Transition from a gallop (three time) to a trot
Fig. 128. Table of the track of a horse performing different paces
Fig. 129. Representation of a walking horse, designed from a chronographic chart and from the footprints
Fig. 130. Table of the attitudes of a horse, designed by Col. Duhousset from chronographic charts
Fig. 132. Table of the attitudes of a horse from instantaneous photographs by Muybridge
Fig. 135. Horse at a canter. The series must be read from below apwards
Fig. 136. Transition from trot to gallop
Fig. 138. Assyrian bas-relief. Horse at an amble / Fig. 139. Egyptian bas-relief (Medynet-Abou). Two harnessed horses moving at an amble
Fig. 138. Bas-relief assyrien. Cheval à l'amble / Fig. 139. Bas-relief égyptien. Deux chevaux harnachés à l'amble
Fig. 140. Assyrian bas-relief (Ninive) horse walking/ Fig. 141. Bas-relief on brunt clay Volscian period (Velletri). Three harnessed horses walking
Fig. 142. Cavalier at walking pace (Trajan's column)/ Fig. 143. Mule walking (Trajan's column)
Fig. 144. The horse of Death, by Albert durer. The horse is at a slow trot / Fig. 145. Statue of Henry IV on the Pont-Neuf. Horse at a trot
Le cheval de la mort, d'Albert Durer. Cheval dans une allure de trot lent / Statue d'Henri IV sur le Pont-Neuf. Cheval au trot
Fig. 146. Frieze at the Parthenon. Horse at a canter
Fig. 147. Horse prepared for experiments with geometrical chronophotographs
Fig. 148. Diagram of the movements of the right anterior and posterior limbs of a horse at a walking pace
0227 - Page 211 - Chapter XII. Locomotion in water
Fig. 149. Arrangement of the marine aquarium for studying locomotion in water
Fig. 150. Movements of the bell of a medusa
Fig. 151. Comatula executing movements at the bottom of the aquarium
Fig. 152. Eel moving in a horizontal plane
Fig. 153. The skate. Method of fixing tha animal when observing the movements of its fins
Fig. 154. Undulations of the fins of a skate, viewed from the side
Fig. 155. Undulations of the fins of a skate, viewed from in front
Fig. 156. Sea-horse, showing the successive and ascending phases of the undulations of the dorsal fin as the animal descends through the water
Fig. 157. Phases of the movements of a star-fish in turning itself over
Fig. 158. Movement of the appendages of a shrimp
0242 - Page 226 - Chapter XIII. Aerial locomotion. The flight of birds
Fig. 159.Myographic record of the pectoral muscles of a bird in flight
Fig. 160. Myographic curves taken from different birds in flight
Fig. 161. Chronophotographic illustration of a gull during flight/ Fig. 162. Flight of a duck
Fig. 163. Flight of a heron. A metre scale in the lower part of the illustration makes it possible to estimate the rapidity of flight
Fig. 164. Flight of a pigeon. The photograph is taken from above
Fig. 165. From a photograph of a pigeon taken in front of a dark background
Fig. 166. Arrangement of the three dark backgrounds and the three cameras for simultaneous photography of a flying bird, as seen from three points of view
Fig. 167. Three series of images to demonstrate the corresponding positions of the bird, when taken from three different points of view
0255 - Page 239 - Chapter XIV. Aerial locomotion. The flight of insects
Fig. 168. The two top lines are produced by the contacts of a drone's wing on a smoked cylinder
Fig. 169. Movements of the wing of macroglossus of cheese rennet on the surface of a smoked cylinder
Fig. 170. Appearance of a wap flying in the sun/ Fig. 171. The trajectory of the anterior and posterior border of the wing of an insect during half an oscillation
Fig. 172. Trajectory of the anterior order of the wing during a complete oscillation (Marey)
Fig. 173. Experiment to test the direction of movement of an insect's wing
Fig. 174. Insect flying round and round in front of a dark background
Fig. 175. Photographic trajectory of the wing of a dragon-fly
Fig. 176. Schematic arrangement for illuminating insects when studying their flight
Fig. 177. Chronophotographic apparatus arranged for studying the natural flight of insects
Fig. 178. Fly crawling on a window-pane before taking to flight
Fig. 179. Bee flying about in the chamber of the apparatus
Fig. 180. Illustration to show two Tipulae : one of them remaining motionless on the glass, and the other moving its limbs in different directions, and setting its body at various inclinations
Fig. 181. Tipula in the act of flying, showing the various attitudes of the wings and the position of the balancers
0274 - Page 258 - Chapter XV. Comparative locomotion
Fig. 182. Movements of a man's leg in executing a step/ Fig. 183. Movements of the various segments of a horse's hind leg in executing a step
Fig. 184. Movements of an elephant's hind leg in executing a step
Fig. 185. Quadrupedal movements of a fresh-water tortoise in swimming to the surface
Fig. 188. Locomotion of batrachians at different periods of development
Fig. 192. Beetle walking/ Fig. 193. The walk of an orthopterous insect
0291 - Page 275 - Chapter XVI. Applications of chronophotography to experimental physiology
Fig. 196. Heart of a tortoise under conditions of artificial circulation
Fig. 197. Seven successive photographs of a tortoise's heart with artificial circulation
Fig. 198. [Variations in shape and capacity of the auricles and ventricles during a cardiac cycle]
Fig. 199. Experiment for showing by chronophotography the mechanism of cardiac pulsation
0307 - Page 291 - Chapter XVII. Microscopic chronophotography
Fig. 200. Special apparatus adapted to chronophotography for studying the movements of microscopic speciments
Fig. 201. Showing the movements of some vorticellae and this retraction of their spiral stalks
0320 - Page 304 - Chapter XVIII. Synthetic reconstruction of the elements of an analysed movement
Fig. 202. Disc of phenakistoscope, showing the different phases of movement of a gull's wing
Fig. 203. Zootrope, with figures of a gull in relief, and in the successive attitudes of flight